This volume is an indispensable resource for scholars and students of medieval Scandinavia. This polyglot dictionary draws on the vast and vibrant range of vernacular legal terminology found in medieval Scandinavian texts – terminology which yields valuable insights into the quotidian realities of crime and retribution; the processes, application and execution of laws; and the cultural and societal concerns underlying the development and promulgation of such laws.Legal texts constitute an unparalleled – and often untapped – source of information for those studying the literature, languages and history of medieval and Viking Age Scandinavia. The Lexicon is a welcome contribution to the study of medieval Scandinavia on two counts: firstly, it makes accessible a wealth of vernacular historical documents for an English-speaking audience. Secondly, it presents legal terminologies that span the languages and geographies of medieval Scandinavia, drawing on twenty-five legal texts composed in Old Swedish, Old Icelandic, Old Norwegian, Old Danish, Old Gutnish and Old Faroese. By collating and juxtaposing legal terms, the Lexicon thus offers its readers a fascinating, comprehensive window into the legal milieu of medieval Scandinavia as a unified whole.It is in this respect that A Lexicon of Medieval Nordic Law differs from the other major lexica that came before it: where relevant, it gathers closely related terms from multiple Nordic languages beneath single headwords within single entries. This approach illuminates the differences (and similarities) in usage of specific lexical items and legal concepts across geographic areas and through time.This dictionary contains over 6000 Nordic headwords, and is laid out as a standard reference work. It is easily navigable, with a clear structure to each entry, providing English equivalents; textual references; phrases in which headwords frequently appear; cross-references to aid readers in locating synonyms or cognate terms within the lexicon; and references to published works. Roughly one quarter of the headwords supply semantic analysis and detailed information on the textual and historical contexts within which a term might appear, which help the reader to engage with the broader legal concepts underlying specific terms. The Lexicon is thus designed to provide its readers not only with succinct single definitions of Norse legal terms, but with a sense of the wider Scandinavian legal landscape and worldview within which these concepts were developed.

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This book explores recent developments, constraints and opportunities relating to the advancement of sexual and reproductive health and rights in Africa. Despite many positive developments in relation to sexual and reproductive health in recent years, many Africans still encounter challenges, for instance in poor maternity services, living with HIV, and discrimination on the basis of age, gender, sexual orientation or identity. Covering topics such as abortion, gender identity, adolescent sexuality and homosexuality, the chapters in this book discuss the impact of culture, morality and social beliefs on the enjoyment of sexual and reproductive health and rights across the continent, particularly in relation to vulnerable and marginalized groups. The book also explores the role of litigation, national human rights institutions and regional human rights bodies in advancing the realization of sexual and reproductive health and rights in the region. Throughout, the contributions highlight the relevance of a rights-based framework in addressing topical and contentious issues on sexual and reproductive health and rights within Sub-Saharan Africa. This book will be of interest to researchers of sexuality, civil rights and health in Africa. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003175049, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

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The present catalogue is the first of three volumes which record the books printed before 1801 currently held by the legal historical section of the Biblioteca di Scienze Sociali of the Università degli Studi di Firenze. This volume encompasses 1,532 editions published from the beginning of printing to 1600. The present Florence library is the successor to that of the Facoltà di Giurisprudenza, the nucleus of which is the historic collection of the Collegio degli Avvocati di Firenze acquired in 1924. Supplemented by further important acquisitions, including the library of the Corte d'Appello, the collection has come to be numbered among the foremost in its field in Italy. The 16th century volume exhibits a wide range not only of the famous medieval authors of the ius commune, but also of the growing number of contemporary 16th century jurists.

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This book offers insights into the governance of contemporary food systems and their ongoing transformation by social movements. As global food systems face multiple threats and challenges there is an opportunity for social movements and civil society to play a more active role in building social justice and ecological sustainability. Drawing on case studies from Canada, the United States, Europe and New Zealand, this edited collection showcases promising ways forward for civil society actors to engage in governance. The authors address topics including: the variety of forms that governance engagement takes from multi-stakeholderism to co-governance to polycentrism/self-governance; the values and power dynamics that underpin these different types of governance processes; effective approaches for achieving desired values and goals; and, the broader relationships and networks that may be activated to support change. By examining and comparing a variety of governance innovations, at a range of scales, the book offers insights for those considering contemporary food systems and their ongoing transformation. It is suitable for food studies students and researchers within geography, environmental studies, anthropology, policy studies, planning, health sciences and sociology, and will also be of interest to policy makers and civil society organisations with a focus on food systems. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.tandfebooks.com/doi/view/10.4324/9780429503597, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

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The discourse of constitutionalism emerged out of the entanglement of three strands: legal theory, political philosophy, and historical narratives. Its structure revolves around the tension between the counter-concepts (Gegenbegriffe) of arbitrariness (to be denounced) and constitution (to be legitimized). This book presents a threefold genealogical analysis to access the logic of Argentine constitutionalism. First, a conceptual history (Begriffsgeschichte) exposes the distance between recent narratives of the development of Argentine constitutionalism as constructed by political historians, on the one hand, and constitutional scientists, on the other. The second genealogy explores the theoretical rupture between modern law and the traditional knowledge of ius commune in the shift from arbitrium iuris to “legicentric” logic – that is, the preeminence of written law enacted by the state. The narrowing of the concept of arbitrium to arbitrariness was central to the formation of constitutional law’s conception of the political order. Finally, this rupture went hand-in-hand with the establishment of new political imaginaries, including autocratic caudillos, suggestible masas, anarchic tendencies of a people, etc. During the 19th century, these fueled the sense among the elites that a new order was needed; but they also still remain part of current narratives. Revealing these emotional imaginaries that guided, and continue to guide, constitutional practice enables a dialogue between the history of law as written by historians and as written by constitutionalists, with the purpose of understanding the recurrent crises that still afflict Argentine constitutionalism in the 21st century.

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The book is the culmination of the collaborative efforts of dedicated researchers within the Effective Justice International and Comparative Approaches Platform. It captures works on organisation of judicial systems and digital justice. The chapters address a range of topics, including national and international themes, particularly those relevant to links with the European Convention on Human Rights and the European Union law. The common theme throughout the collection is the concept of effectiveness. It is seen in a multi-layered dimension related to the achievement of the goals inherent to a given procedure, institution, or process activity.

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This book presents a history of the Florence University’s 100 years, tracing its extensive evolution in higher education within the city, from its medieval and early-modern origins to its progressive institutionalization during the period when Florence served as the Italian capital, then culminating in the formal birth of the University on October 1, 1924. During the two decades of Fascism, it experiences significant development but heavily suffers from the intrusion of the regime. As a protagonist in the shaping of the Republic alongside its prominent professors, the University will establish a dense network of relations with the community, thereby contributing to its economic and social growth. Running parallel to the profound changes in the nation, this interplay – closely reconstructed in the book – will promote the gradual shift from an elitist educational model to that of a mass higher education.

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Women judges are playing increasingly prominent roles in many African judiciaries, yet there remains very little comparative research on the subject. Drawing on extensive cross-national data and theoretical and empirical analysis, this book provides a timely and broad-ranging assessment of gender and judging in African judiciaries. Employing different theoretical approaches, the book investigates how women have fared within domestic African judiciaries as both actors and litigants. It explores how women negotiate multiple hierarchies to access the judiciary, and how gender-related issues are handled in courts. The chapters in the book provide policy, theoretical and practical prescriptions to the challenges identified, and offer recommendations for the future directions of gender and judging in the post-COVID-19 era, including the role of technology, artificial intelligence, social media, and institutional transformations that can help promote women’s rights. Bringing together specific cases from Kenya, Uganda, Ghana, Nigeria, Zambia, Tanzania, and South Africa and regional bodies such as ECOWAS and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, and covering a broad range of thematic reflections, this book will be of interest to scholars, students, and practitioners of African law, judicial politics, judicial training, and gender studies. It will also be useful to bilateral and multilateral donor institutions financing gender-sensitive judicial reform programs, particularly in Africa. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9780429327865/gender-judging-courts-africa-jarpa-dawuni, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

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Germany’s colonial past is again at the center of public debate. This book offers a focused contribution: a study of how the German administration in Samoa (1900–1914) used family law as a tool of colonial governance. Examining marriage, divorce, citizenship, legitimacy, and maintenance, Julia Hütten shows how rules on the most intimate matters became instruments of colonial power and a mirror for ideas of ‘Germanness’. Interethnic families were already part of Samoan society when the imperial flag was raised in Apia in 1900. The new government tried to sort residents into two personal jurisdictions, ‘foreigner’ and ‘native’, yet people of mixed descent rarely fit neatly into either. The German Civil Code (BGB), which had only recently been enacted, granted citizenship to foreign wives of German husbands, but many long-standing unions in Samoa had never been registered as civil marriages. Officials responded by planning to prohibit future interethnic marriages and by compiling a register of so-called ‘half-castes’ born to unregistered unions, thereby expanding the reach of foreign jurisdiction. The formal ban on mixed marriages arrived in 1912, tightening these boundaries still further. Fault-based divorce procedures, unfamiliar in Samoan practice, also unsettled households by compelling spouses to assign blame and expose private life to official judgment. These interventions did not simply transplant metropolitan law; they interacted with Samoan custom, missionary influence, and local knowledge, producing outcomes negotiated by officials, petitioners, and communities. By tracing cases and policies across these 14 years, the book illuminates how colonial law marked racial boundaries, structured belonging, and reordered daily life in Samoan-German households. It also opens a window onto the German Empire itself: its anxieties about race and respectability, its administrative improvisation at the edge of empire, and the contested meanings of citizenship within a plural legal order.

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The introduction of village courts in Papua New Guinea in 1975 was an ambitious experiment in providing semi-formal legal access to the country's overwhelmingly rural population. Nearly 50 years later, the enthusiastic adoption of these courts has had a number of ramifications, some of them unanticipated. Arguably, the village courts have developed and are working exactly as they were supposed to do, adapted by local communities to modes and styles consistent with their own dispute management sensibilities. But with little in the way of state oversight or support, most village courts have become, of necessity, nearly autonomous. Village courts have also become the blueprint for other modes of dispute management. They overlap with other sources of authority, so the line between what does and does not constitute a 'court’ is now indistinct in many parts of the country. Rather than casting this issue as a problem for legal development, the contributors to Grassroots Law in Papua New Guineaask how, under conditions of state withdrawal, people seek to retain an understanding of law that holds out some promise of either keeping the attention of the state or reproducing the state’s authority.

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This book is a collection of key legal decisions affecting Indigenous Australians, which have been re-imagined so as to be inclusive of Indigenous people’s stories, historical experience, perspectives and worldviews. In this groundbreaking work, Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars have collaborated to rewrite 16 key decisions. Spanning from 1889 to 2017, the judgments reflect the trajectory of Indigenous people’s engagements with Australian law. The collection includes decisions that laid the foundation for the wrongful application of terra nullius and the long disavowal of native title. Contributors have also challenged narrow judicial interpretations of native title, which have denied recognition to Indigenous people who suffered the prolonged impacts of dispossession. Exciting new voices have reclaimed Australian law to deliver justice to the Stolen Generations and to families who have experienced institutional and police racism. Contributors have shown how judicial officers can use their power to challenge systemic racism and tell the stories of Indigenous people who have been dehumanised by the criminal justice system. The new judgments are characterised by intersectional perspectives which draw on postcolonial, critical race and whiteness theories. Several scholars have chosen to operate within the parameters of legal doctrine. Some have imagined new truth-telling forums, highlighting the strength and creative resistance of Indigenous people to oppression and exclusion. Others have rejected the possibility that the legal system, which has been integral to settler-colonialism, can ever deliver meaningful justice to Indigenous people. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

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This book is a collection of key legal decisions affecting Indigenous Australians, which have been re-imagined so as to be inclusive of Indigenous people’s stories, historical experience, perspectives and worldviews. In this groundbreaking work, Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars have collaborated to rewrite 16 key decisions. Spanning from 1889 to 2017, the judgments reflect the trajectory of Indigenous people’s engagements with Australian law. The collection includes decisions that laid the foundation for the wrongful application of terra nullius and the long disavowal of native title. Contributors have also challenged narrow judicial interpretations of native title, which have denied recognition to Indigenous people who suffered the prolonged impacts of dispossession. Exciting new voices have reclaimed Australian law to deliver justice to the Stolen Generations and to families who have experienced institutional and police racism. Contributors have shown how judicial officers can use their power to challenge systemic racism and tell the stories of Indigenous people who have been dehumanised by the criminal justice system. The new judgments are characterised by intersectional perspectives which draw on postcolonial, critical race and whiteness theories. Several scholars have chosen to operate within the parameters of legal doctrine. Some have imagined new truth-telling forums, highlighting the strength and creative resistance of Indigenous people to oppression and exclusion. Others have rejected the possibility that the legal system, which has been integral to settler-colonialism, can ever deliver meaningful justice to Indigenous people.

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Jacques Derrida: Law as Absolute Hospitality presents a comprehensive account and understanding of Derrida’s approach to law and justice. Through a detailed reading of Derrida’s texts, Jacques de Ville contends that it is only by way of Derrida's deconstruction of the metaphysics of presence, and specifically in relation to the texts of Husserl, Levinas, Freud and Heidegger - that the reasoning behind his elusive works on law and justice can be grasped. Through detailed readings of texts such as To speculate – on Freud, Adieu, Declarations of Independence, Before the Law, Cogito and the history of madness, Given Time, Force of Law and Specters of Marx, De Ville contends that there is a continuity in Derrida’s thinking, and rejects the idea of an ‘ethical turn’. Derrida is shown to be neither a postmodernist nor a political liberal, but a radical revolutionary. De Ville also controversially contends that justice in Derrida’s thinking must be radically distinguished from Levinas’s reflections on ‘the other’. It is the notion of absolute hospitality - which Derrida derives from Levinas, but radically transforms - that provides the basis of this argument. Justice must on De Ville’s reading be understood in terms of a demand of absolute hospitality which is imposed on both the individual and the collective subject. A much needed account of Derrida's influential approach to law, Jacques Derrida: Law as Absolute Hospitality will be an invaluable resource for those with an interest in legal theory, and for those with an interest in the ethics and politics of deconstruction.

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Justice and Human Rights in the African Imagination is an interdisciplinary reading of justice in literary texts and memoirs, films, and social anthropological texts in postcolonial Africa. Inspired by Nelson Mandela and South Africa’s robust achievements in human rights, this book argues that the notion of restorative justice is integral to the proper functioning of participatory democracy and belongs to the moral architecture of any decent society. Focusing on the efforts by African writers, scholars, artists, and activists to build flourishing communities, the author discusses various quests for justice such as environmental justice, social justice, intimate justice, and restorative justice. It discusses in particular ecological violence, human rights abuses such as witchcraft accusations, the plight of people affected by disability, homophobia, misogyny, and sex trafficking, and forgiveness. This book will be of interest to scholars of African literature and films, literature and human rights, and literature and the environment. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003148272, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

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This book presents new socio-legal perspectives and insights on the social life of corruption and anticorruption in authoritarian regimes. This book takes up the case of Uzbekistan—an authoritarian regime in Central Asia and one of the most corrupt countries in the world according to Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index—and examines the corruption that developed in a tightly closed authoritarian regime permeated by a large-scale shadow economy, a weak rule of law, and a collectivist legal culture. Building on socio-legal frameworks of legal compliance, living law and legal pluralism, the central argument of the book is that the roles, meanings, and logics of corruption are fluid, and depend on a myriad of structural variables, and contextual and situational factors. This book will be of value to researchers, academics, and students in the fields of sociology of law, legal anthropology, and Central Asian studies, especially those with an interest in the intersection of law, society, and corruption in authoritarian regime contexts.

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The legal history of the British Empire is in its infancy. The research field Legal Transfer in the Common Law World in the Max Planck Institute for Legal History and Legal Theory under the Directorship of Prof Stefan Vogenauer has been engaged in scientific examination and analysis of this field. In 2021, the Third Legal Histories of Empires Conference was held in the National University of Ireland, Maynooth. A stream looking at the state of the art in Legal Transfer in the Common Law World was organized by Stefan Vogenauer and Donal Coffey, who have co-edited this volume which flows from that stream. The book argues that a comparative approach can overcome jurisdictional and ahistorical biases still often present in the legal history of empires. In an imperial legal superstructure, such as the British Empire(s), models of legislative and interpretative methods were self-consciously adopted and adapted to different jurisdictions. Moreover, the process of decolonisation disclosed similarities and divergences in the legal development of these territories. Useful insights can be gleaned from a comparison across different methodologies which are concerned with a similar normative framework between and within societies, and their relationship to the natural world. The volume has two parts. The first presents four case studies for legal transfers in chronological order. Philip Girard’s chapter traces the evolution of the law regulating employers’ liability for injured workers in Quebec. Matilde Cazzola’s work looks at the evolution of the ‘protective principle’ and its deployment through a comparative lens, with a particular focus on the United Kingdom and the Australian colonies in the 19th century. Scott A. Carrière looks at the evolution of law in colonial Newfoundland, and in particular at the relationship between contract law, charters, and Company States. In Hong Kong, Christopher Roberts and Hazel W. H. Leung analyse the evolution of vagrancy law. The second part contains a number of contributions engaging with the burgeoning field of legal geography in the context of the Empire. This is based around the ‘Property [In]Justice’ ERC group in University College Dublin headed by Amy Strecker. It includes chapters on the Caribbean by Amanda Byer, Southern Africa by Sonya Cotton, Kenya by Raphael Ng’etich, and a chapter by Sinéad Mercier on Ireland. The different areas of law covered – including inter alia public law, employment law, land law – demonstrate the vitality of the comparative method.

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This edited volume aims to contribute to the understanding of the metamorphoses of knowledge on the ‘criminal question’ as it circulated, in different directions, to and from the Argentine context between the late nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, analysing the dynamics of adaptation, rejection and transaction between the Global North and the Global South. equality. But is equality perhaps not also a concept that inadequately describes the complexity of normative orders? Highly differentiated societies with a multitude of collective identities and functional rationalities are in a permanent state of tension with this legal postulate. The contributions to this volume examine how this tension has developed in Europe and Latin America over the last 200 years

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The royal monastery of San Salvatore on Mount Amiata, which, according to tradition, was founded in the 8th century by the will of the Lombard kings near the papal lands, has been the focus of numerous researches in recent decades dedicated not only to some famous codices preserved for centuries in his library, but also to the documentary writings handed down in the Diplomatico, which collects documentation from the mid-eighth century. In this volume, the paleographic and diplomatic interpretation of the writings elaborated by the abbots and the Amiata monks intertwines with the reconstruction of the practices of power management, both in its local dimension and in that of relations with popes and emperors.

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Sind die Immaterialgüterregister eine Art Grundbuch oder ein spezieller Teil des Handelsregisters? Sind sie lediglich Datenbanken, welche Informationen ohne konstitutive Rechtswirkungen bereithalten? Da dem «geistigen Eigentum» kein praktikables Institut des «geistigen Besitzes» zur Seite gestellt werden kann, sind im gewerblichen Rechtsschutz Surrogate für Besitz und Publizität notwendig. Das vorliegende Buch geht der Frage nach, welche Institute des geltenden Rechts die immateriellen und abstrakten Positionen des gewerblichen Rechtsschutzes für den Rechtsverkehr erkennbar und fasslich machen, welche Behörden mit der Führung dieser Einrichtungen betraut und mit welchen Rechtswirkungen diese Institute ausgestattet sind.

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In jüngerer Zeit haben der Bundesrat und die Bundesverwaltung eine Praxis etabliert, grenzüberschreitende Amts- und Rechtshilfehandlungen ausserhalb des gesetzlichen und völkerrechtlichen Regelwerkes in Form einer «Bewilligung nach Artikel 271 StGB» zu erlauben. Art. 271 StGB ist eine Verbotsnorm, die Eingriffe in die staatliche Souveränität, etwa durch die Nichteinhaltung der Schranken des Amts- und Rechtshilferechts, pönalisiert. Wie nun kann es sein, dass die Exekutive just darin eine Ermächtigung erblickt, solche Handlungen zu erlauben? Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass nicht eine Strafnorm, sondern – neben dem Notrecht – einzig das verfassungsunmittelbare Interessenwahrungsrecht (Art. 184 Abs. 3 BV) eine Rechtsgrundlage für solche Bewilligungen bilden kann. Die Dissertation enthält eine umfassende Darstellung der Vorgaben und Schranken beim Erteilen einer solchen Bewilligung nach Massgabe von Art. 184 Abs. 3 BV. An diesen Rahmen hält sich die aktuelle Praxis nicht, wodurch letztlich ein «permanenter Ausnahmezustand» im Bereich der internationalen Kooperation geschaffen wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund plädiert der Autor dafür, dass die Bewilligungspraxis in die dogmatischen Schranken zurückverwiesen wird.

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This book discusses the fundamental issues of public law in the area of statelessness from the perspectives of comparative law and international law standards. The author proposes an approach in which statelessness is not a homogeneous concept but is best analysed and responded to through the lens of different categories of statelessness. This accounts not only for the existence of different categories of stateless persons (e.g., voluntary or involuntary) but also for different assessments and needs of their respective situations for purposes such as prevention mechanisms. The book demonstrates the conceptual and regulatory relevance of this important differential aspect of the international law on statelessness (with implications for domestic legal systems).

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This book provides a systematic analysis of the major structural and institutional governance mechanisms in Cameroon, critically analysing the constitutional and legislative texts on Cameroon’s semi-presidential system, the electoral system, the legislature, the judiciary, the Constitutional Council and the National Commission on Human Rights and Freedoms. The author offers an assessment of the practical application of the laws regulating constitutional institutions and how they impact on governance. To lay the groundwork for the analysis, the book examines the historical, constitutional and political context of governance in Cameroon, from independence and reunification in 1960–1961, through the adoption of the 1996 Constitution, to more recent events including the current Anglophone crisis. Offering novel insights on new institutions such as the Senate and the Constitutional Council and their contribution to the democratic advancement of Cameroon, the book also provides the first critical assessment of the legislative provisions carving out a special autonomy status for the two Anglophone regions of Cameroon and considers how far these provisions go to resolve the Anglophone Problem. This book will be of interest to scholars of public law, legal history and African politics. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781351028868, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license

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This Belgian EPPO/OLAF volume focuses on criminal and administrative investigations in Belgium. It includes a comprehensive collection of material relating to Art. 26–33 EPPO Regulation and Art. 3–17 OLAF Regulation, addressing the national statutory law relating to Belgian fraud investigations. The handbook contains translations, a synopsis of the EPPO adoption law (17 FEVRIER 2021. - Loi portant des dispositions diverses en matière de justice) and a list of the most important PIF offences (De PIF-misdrijven in België). Prof Dr Frank Verbruggen and Pieter van Rooij have acted as the publication's national experts. While written in English, the volume includes footnotes that reproduce the original Belgian legislation in French. Easily navigable with the help of visual symbols, it is designed as a quick reference tool for academics, students, practitioners and other interested readers.

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This Bulgarian EPPO/OLAF volume starts with an introduction by Prof Dr Dobrinka Chankova providing a categorisation of the fight against EU frauds in Bulgaria. The book offers a comprehensive guide to EPPO/OLAF investigations, including case law, sources of law, and relevant institutions. In addition, the volume names relevant authorities, lists the PIF offences under Bulgarian law and provides instructions for the Court Case Access Portal. This volume is written in English and contains footnotes that reproduce the original Bulgarian legislation in Bulgarian. It also contains symbols for further information and quick reference for academics, students, practitioners and other interested readers. Prof Dr Dobrinka Chankova acted as national expert.

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This Croatian EPPO/OLAF volume discusses the Croatian laws relevant to European Public Prosecutor's Office (EPPO) investigations of EU fraud in Croatia. It covers EPPO procedures in Croatia, practical examples, EU fraud typologies, criminological findings and relevant case law. The volume also introduces criminal financial law in fraud cases and discusses the key defenses that must be protected in EPPO proceedings. The second part summarizes the provisions governing OLAF investigations in Croatia, with a focus on external investigations under Regulation 2020/2223. Prof. Dr. Lucija Sokanović acted as national expert for this publication. While written in English, the volume includes footnotes that reproduce the original Croatian legislation in Croatian. Easily navigable with the help of visual symbols, it is designed as a quick reference tool for academics, students, practitioners and other interested readers.

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This Cypriot EPPO/OLAF volume deals with the link between national law and EU law (EPPO and OLAF Regulations) and enables professionals from the justice sector to understand the national law in comparative perspective and to plan further investigations. It refers to fraud cases, the link between OLAF and AFCOS, and the activities of the new EPPO regional offices. The Cypriot Act for the Implementation of the EPPO and the rules for defence lawyers in EPPO cases involving tax, subsidy, and customs fraud are also discussed. Attorney Dr Marilena Katsogiannou's introductory chapter to the Compendium on Cyprus provides a thorough summary of both Union and Cypriot laws in relation to EU fraud offences. While this volume is written in English, its footnotes reproduce the original national legislation in the local language.

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This Finnish EPPO/OLAF volume provides comprehensive information for the EPPO/OLAF sector, including case law, legal sources, and relevant organizations. It also summarises the national legislation relating to Finnish EPPO investigations, with a focus on the criminal investigation procedure. The last section deals with investigative missions in connection with OLAF investigations in Finland. Prof Dr Raimo Lahti has acted as the publication’s national expert. While written in English, the volume includes footnotes that reproduce the original Finnish legislation. Easily navigable with the help of visual symbols, it is designed as a quick reference tool for academics, students, practitioners and other interested readers.

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This French EPPO/OLAF volume provides an overview of French and European Union law, with particular attention paid to the European Public Prosecutor's Office and the Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) as well as the investigative missions of its national partners. Union law and French law are the main topics of the first part of the volume, while OLAF's investigations are the subject of the second part. Each section is preceded by an introduction. A synopsis of the French EPPO Adoption Act (LOI n° 2020-1672 du 24 décembre 2020 relative au Parquet européen, à la justice environnementale et à la justice pénale spécialisée –) is also included. This volume is written in English and contains footnotes that reproduce the original French legislation. It also contains symbols for further information and quick reference for academics, students, practitioners and other interested readers. Dr Hélène Christodoulou acted as the national expert for this volume.

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This Hungarian EPPO/OLAF volume focuses on criminal and administrative investigations in Hungary. As Hungary is a non-participating Member State to the EPPO, the EPPO chapter of this book discusses the relations between the EPPO countries and the Hungarian Prosecution Offices under a Working Arrangement as well as the rules of the Hungarian Prosecution Offices when investigating EU fraud and financial crime offences. It covers the material collected, co-operation with the Hungarian judicial authorities, criminal investigations into PIF-offences and compliance with the EPPO-Regulation. This volume also deals with the impact of OLAF investigations in Hungary and their significance for the Hungarian criminal justice system. Prof Dr Krisztina Karsai has acted as the publication’s national expert. While written in English, the volume includes footnotes that reproduce the original Hungarian legislation in the local language. Easily navigable with the help of visual symbols, it is designed as a quick reference tool for academics, students, practitioners and other interested readers.

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This Maltese EPPO/OLAF volume provides practitioners in the justice sector and the general public with an overview of the Maltese law implementing the EPPO Regulation and the Maltese laws relevant to the EPPO's activities in Malta. It also explains the legal framework governing the investigative functions of OLAF and its national partners in external investigations. OLAF's investigations have already led to important national decisions over the past twenty years. Advocate Dr Veronica-Anne Spiteri acted as national expert for the publication. While the volume is written in English, its footnotes reproduce the original Maltese legislation in the local language. Easily navigable with the help of visual symbols, it is designed as a quick reference tool for academics, students, practitioners and other interested readers.

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Poland does not participate in the EPPO mechanism, but cooperates with OLAF. Therefore, this Polish EPPO/OLAF volume, introduced by Dominika Czerniak, discusses the specific attitude of Polish legislation towards the PIF acquis sector, Title V of the TFEU, the importance of Art. 587 (European Investigation Order) of the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure and the newly inserted Art. 615a. It also contains an analysis and compilation of the EU and Polish legislation on EU fraud offenses. These relevant laws are dealt with in the first chapter of this volume. The Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) and its national partners carry out investigative missions, which are the subject of the second part of the book. Dr. Dominika Czerniak acted as the publication’s national expert. While written in English, the volume includes footnotes that reproduce the original Polish legislation in the local language. Easily navigable with the help of visual symbols, it is designed as a quick reference tool for academics, students, practitioners and other interested readers.

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This Portuguese EPPO/OLAF volume provides a comprehensive overview of EU and Portuguese law in the context of criminal investigations into EU fraud offences. It deals with the actions of the EPPO regional offices in Portugal, including their tasks, provisions, and methods. The text also addresses the Union law of the European Public Prosecutor's Office and its future prospects. The third part of this volume discusses the investigative missions of the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) in Portugal. While this volume is written in English, its footnotes reproduce the original Portuguese legislation in the local language. Easily navigable with the help of specific symbols, which guide you to further relevant information, it is designed as a quick reference tool for academics, students, practitioners and other interested readers. Prof Dr Sandra Oliveira e Silva acted as the national expert for this volume.

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This Slovenian EPPO/OLAF volume contains thorough information like case law, legal sources, and relevant anti-fraud organisations. A compilation of national statutory laws relating to EPPO investigations in Slovenia is also included, highlighting the legal details that link the references in the EPPO-Regulation to the relevant national laws. The European Anti-Fraud Office and the investigative missions of its national partners in Slovenia are the focus of the second part of the volume, which deals with OLAF investigations. Assoc Prof Dr Benjamin Flander has acted as the publication’s national expert. While written in English, the volume includes footnotes that reproduce the original Slovenian legislation in the local language. Easily navigable with the help of visual symbols, it is designed as a quick reference tool for academics, students, practitioners and other interested readers.

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Much has been written about the political tension between ultramontanists and liberal jurisdictionalists in the Empire of Brazil during the reign of D. Pedro II (1840–1889), in view of the sui generis patronage regime of the country and, in particular, the scandal of the Religious Question in the 1870s. Among the commonplaces of this historiography is the idea that the Council of Trent was a normative set interpreted and implemented solely by the clergy and ultramontanists, if not a top-down imposition from Rome and standard to rally behind against liberal policies. But can we maintain this interpretation if, instead of the eloquent discourses in diplomatic correspondence and the press, we place ordinary administrative practices center stage? This book focuses on these practices – in the author’s words, this “fabric of the ordinary” – as they appear in two sets of sources: on the one hand, the consultations on ecclesiastical matters that local and central authorities submitted to the Brazilian Council of State; on the other, the cases sent by Brazilian actors to the Holy See and examined by the Congregation of the Council, the body of the Roman Curia in charge of interpreting the Council of Trent for the Catholic world. By investigating intersections between these sources, the author invites the reader to contemplate the Church as a structure of multilevel governance that involved multiple jurisdictions and a number of ecclesiastical and lay actors, all interacting in a scenario of intense multinormativity. As a consequence, when trying to resolve everyday doubts and problems, these entities resorted to a normative repertoire that certainly contained canon law, but at the same time comprised different ways of interpreting it as well as of combining it with other norms and normativities. The analysis allows us to see the Council of Trent as a very plastic resource in the hands of clerics, bureaucrats, and jurists. It took on roles not only as weapon, but also as model for other laws, rhetorical support, part of tradition, a negotiable and even dispensable resource. Furthermore, observing these practices yields the rather surprising conclusion that the polarisation between ultramontanists and jurisdictionalists was a precarious element within the governance of the Church in Brazil, often giving way to mechanisms for control of normative novelty and to a re-focusing on common objectives and concrete needs.

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This book is primarily designed to address the legal challenges arising in international law and selected fields of national law, both as a result of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and, more generally, other extraordinary situations. The focus of the research is the national and international legal frameworks in selected fields, specifically the transformation of legal norms and changes in their application during emergency situations. The authors examine the values underlying these laws in the context of war, challenge existing legal approaches in international law during emergencies, and evaluate the relevance and transformation of legal regulations in Ukraine as they respond to the changing circumstances in the state and society due to the war.

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This book explores the pursuit of coherence in criminal justice, addressing how criminal laws and practices can become more rational and aligned with human rights principles. It examines key criminal justice principles like legality, proportionality, and presumption of innocence, aiming to adapt them to modern societal and technological challenges. The work highlights the growing influence of international conventions and European courts on national legal systems, emphasizing the need for thoughtful implementation of transnational precedents. While focused on Lithuanian criminal justice, topics like human trafficking, drug possession, and electronic evidence are relevant across Europe, offering insights for legal researchers globally.

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Benjamin G. Kohl (1938-2010) taught at Vassar College from 1966 till his retirement as Andrew W. Mellon Professor of the Humanities in 2001. His doctoral research at The Johns Hopkins University was directed by Frederic C. Lane, and his principal historical interests focused on northern Italy during the Renaissance, especially on Padua and Venice. His scholarly production includes the volumes Padua under the Carrara, 1318-1405 (1998), and Culture and Politics in Early Renaissance Padua (2001), and the online database The Rulers of Venice, 1332-1524 (2009). The database is eloquent testimony of his priority attention to historical sources and to their accessibility, and also of his enthusiasm for collaboration and sharing among scholars.

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This volume offers a comprehensive and interdisciplinary examination of how contemporary legal systems are responding to two of the most urgent challenges of our time: the global green energy transition and the rapid development of new technologies, particularly artificial intelligence. The book explores the evolving role of public and private law in areas such as environmental protection, energy market regulation, AI liability, healthcare, data governance, and access to justice. It presents both theoretical and practical perspectives on how legal frameworks can promote sustainability, protect democratic values, and ensure ethical accountability in a time of profound transformation.

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